Practice Tests: Cytology

1. Period of human development after fertilization from the 2nd to 8th week inclusive

• a. period of zygote 
• b. period of embryo 
• c. period of fetus 
• d. none of the above 

2. When does the haploid # of chromosomes restored to 46 chromosomes

• a. blastomere 
• b. morula 
• c. zygote 

3. The fixation of fate in the embryo and the assignment of irrevocable structures of diff. forms for the future is

• a. differentiation 
• b. regulation 
• c. determination 
• d. destiny 

4. Primary organizer for cell differentiation

• a. chora-mesoderm 
• b. primitive 
• c. primitive streak 

5. The amnion derives its origin from the

• a. outer cell layer 
• b. cytotrophoblast 
• c. synsytiotrophoblast 
• d. inner cell mass 

6. The space between the split of lateral mesoderm of a 4 wk embryo

• Answe: Coelom 

7. Urinary bladder derived from

• a. axial mesoderm 
• b. paraxial meso 
• c. intermediate meso 
• d. lateral meso 

8. Interatrial opening of the fetal heart through w/c caval blood is shunted to the left atria is the

• a. foramen ovale 
• b. fossa ovalis 
• c. ductus venosus 
• d. sinus arteriosus 

9. The condition resulting from arrested testicular descent at any point along the normal path is

• a. inguinal hernia 
• b. hydrocele 
• c. undecided / undescending testis 
• d. cryptochidism 

10. The distal hindgut is derived into 2, by the condensation of mesoderm result to the formation or

• Answer: Urorectal septum 

11. Which of the ff structures is a primitive midgut derivative

• a. appendix 
• b. stomach 
• c. liver 
• d. pancreas 

12. Neural crest cell derivative

• a. epidermis & hair 
• b. otic placoid 
• c. nasal & lacrymal bone 
• d. maxilla 

13. Rhombocephalon is the primitive stage of the

• a. forebrain, frontal 
• b. cortical 
• c. medulla, midbrain 
• d. hindbrain & cerebello-pontine area (sakto spelling?) 

14. Fetal age is more accurately determined by

• a. biparietal diameter 
• b. cheek to cheek 
• c. CRL 

15. Somites will differentiate into all except

• a. bone 
• b. cartilage 
• c. muscle 
• d. skin/epidermis 

16. Surfactant is secreted by

• a. type I pneumocytes 
• b. type II pneumocytes 
• c. macrophage 

17. What is the epithelial lining trachea? Where is it derived?

• a. mesoderm 
• b. endoderm 
• c. ectoderm 
• d. neuroectoderm 

18. First sign of respiratory development

• a. hypobranchial eminence 
• b. primitive foregut 
• c. urorectal septum 
• d. laryngotracheal diverticulum/ lung bud 

19. Smooth muscle, connective tissue, & cartilage of the primary bronchi are derived from which of the following sources

• a. neuroectoderm 
• b. ectoderm 
• c. endoderm 
• d. visceral mesoderm 

20. The prechordal plate marks the site for the future

• a. umbilical cord 
• b. heart 
• c. month 
• d. anus 

21. Artery that supplies derivatives of the forgut

• a. celiac arterial trunk 
• b. superior mesenteric artery 
• c. inferior mesenteric artery 
• d. right umbilical artery 

22. Reason for the doudenal loop being located on the right side of the midline to the vertebrae is:

• a. the liver is on the right side 
• b. balance pancreas, towards the left 
• c. 280º 
• d. pull of gravity 

23. Intermediate mesoderm...

• a. neural tube 
• b. heart 
• c. kidney & gonads 
• d. somites 

24. What is the normal amt of amniotic fluid at term?

• a. 50ml 
• b. 500ml 
• c. 1000ml 
• d. 2000ml 

25. What layer/s characterizes the urinary system?

• a. endoderm 
• b. mesoderm 
• c. endoderm & mesoderm 
• d. ectoderm 

26. Which is a characteristic describing the female reproductive system?

• a. clitoris – male phallus 
• b. urethral folds do not fuse 
• c. urethral folds – labia minora 
• d. all of the above 

27. Genetic sex is determined at what stage

• a. 7th wk 
• b. diff. Of male gonads 
• c. mesonephric degeneration 
• d. at fertilization 

28. Fate of the blastomere at 4-cell stage

• a. totipotent 
• b. pluripotent 
• c. omnipotent 
• d. none of the above 

29. Early embryonic cell communication systems involved in development are mediated by a general process of

• a. binding @ tyrosine-kinase liked receptors @ the cell membrane 
• b. DNA transcription 
• c. neuro-endocrine response 
• d. voltage-activated mediator release in the nuclear membranes 

30. A person with the same allele found in the same location of a chromosome is called

• a. homozygote 
• b. heterozygote 
• c. hemizygote 

31. Trachea cartilage rises from:

• a. ectoderm 
• b. mesoderm 
• c. endoderm 

32. Pancreatic duct epithelium  rises from:

• a. ectoderm 
• b. mesoderm 
• c. endoderm 

33. Uterus epithelium rises from:

• a. ectoderm 
• b. mesoderm 
• c. endoderm 

34. Epithelium of the urinary bladder rises from:

• a. ectoderm 
• b. mesoderm 
• c. endoderm 

35. Due to cytokinesis, spermatids are joined by

• a. cytoplasmic bridges 
• b. hematochromatin 
• c. mitotic spindles 
• d. tubulin dimers 

36. The average # of oocyte in females during puberty

• a. 200,000 
• b. 300,000 
• c. 600,000 
• d. 1,000,000 

37. The stage of the male germ cell at birth

• a. primary spermatocyte 
• b. secondary spermatocyte 
• c. spermatid 
• d. none of the above 

38. Which process is undergone in the development of a sperm

• Answer: Acrosomal formation 

39. GnRH is secreted by

• Answer: Hypothalamus 

40. The layer of the endothelium that remains to regenerate after menstruation

• a. compact 
• b. spongy 
• c. functional 
• d. basal 

41. What is the first structure that the sperm cell encounters during fertilization

• a. corona radiata 
• b. theca 
• c. zona pellucida 
• d. granulosa cells 

42. The primary underlying factor for the endometrial shedding w/c leads to menstruation in

• a. FSH surge 
• b. progesterone 
• c. LH decline 
• d. estrogen withdrawal 

43. Which of the ff is a feature of the umbilical cord

• a. surrounded by chorion 
• b. contains Wharton's jelly 
• c. contains 2 umbilical veins 
• d. attached to the maternal side of the placenta 

44. The superficial layer of the endometrium overlying the embryo

• a. decidua capsularis 
• b. decidua ______ 
• c. decidua basalis 
• d. decidua parietalis 

45. Process of exchange between placental and maternal blood?

• a. active transport 
• b. facilitated transport 
• c. pinocytosis 
• d. all of the above 

46. Antibody that is passed to the fetus throgh the placenta

• a. IgG 
• b. IgA 
• c. IgM 
• d. IgE 

47. Componentsof placental membrane

• a. cytotrophoblast 
• b. decidua basalis 
• c. endothelial lining of endometrial membrane 
• d. all of the above 

48. The syncytiotrophoblast

• a. actively invades maternal tissues 
• b. closes area of the blastocyst implantation 
• d. produces progesterone 

49. Fertilization of 2 ova but not at the same coitus at a shorter time result to:

• Answer: superfecundation 

50. Hormone hCG is produced by:

• a. trophoblast 
• b. allantois 
• c. corpus luteum 
• d. epiblast 

51. Fetal drinking and urination affect the volume of the fluid in the

• Answer: Anmiotic sac 

52. At 38 weeks age of gestation, polyhydramnios occurs when the amniotic fluid volume:

• a. 350 cc 
• b. 700cc 
• c. 1000 cc 
• d. 2000 cc 

53. In twinning, what happens when the blatocystdivides in the 6th day?

• a. monoamniotic, monochorionic 
• b. monoamniotic, dichorionic 
• c. diamniotic, monochorionic 
• d. diamniotic, dicorionic 

54. Which is derived from the yolk sac?

• a. umbilical artery 
• b. urachus 
• c. gonad 
• d. none of the above 

55. Post ovulatory endometrium

• Answer: secretory phase 

56. Type A spermatogonia

• a. provide continuous reserve of stem cells 
• b. enter prolonged prophase 
• c. gives rise to primary spermatocytes 
• d. undergo spermtogenesis 

57. Phase one of fertilization involves the penetration of the sperm to the:

• Zona pellucida 

58. Cardiac activity can be detected during the:

• a. 6th week 
• b. 7th week 
• c. 8th week 
• d. 9th week 

59. During embryonic development which form is first detected by ultrasound?

• a. dominant follicle 
• b. zygote 
• c. morula 
• d. blastocyst 

60. Most accurate sonographic method of determining gestational age

• a. mean sac diameter 
• b. cardiac activity 
• c. crown-rump length 
• d. amniotic diameter